LiquidZulu — a living anarcho-Objectivist, read against the vault

A YouTube philosopher (handle LiquidZulu) who extends Rothbard and Hoppe from a Randian base: entered through Peikoff, keeps Objectivist metaphysics and epistemology, and rejects Rand’s politics because Rand rejects anarchy. Big-L libertarian, natural-law, aggressively anti-Kantian and anti-“pragmatist.” He is alive and answers comments, so this series can interrogate rather than only annotate.

Links: Philosophy, Morality, Legal Theory, The Objectivism Boundary — the vault’s own map of how much Objectivism it takes on; LZ is the same shape from the other side, Performative Grounding — Lineage — where his Hoppe sits, Government Formation — the jurisdiction problem he has to answer

Trunk: an external specimen for Trunk 1 — Normative Ontology with a live seam into the epistemology trunk (his theory of definitions).


Why a hub for a person

The vault’s other recurring interlocutors (Wilson, Mullally) are spread across debate pages because they show up in debates. LZ produces essays — a system stated in his own order, with a wiki and a course behind it — so the right unit is a hub that holds the system-map and the running list of divergences, with one page per essay as the specimen. Chris’s framing for the series: “more intro philosophy than direct critiques, even though there are plenty of those too … the big point is to introduce LZ and show how he thinks — his strengths and weaknesses.”

His system in one pass (from the first essay)

  1. Anarchism = rejection of legal authoritarianism (law from an authority’s say-so). The state = monopoly on force + legal positivism. Natural law = law is objective and discovered.
  2. The valid branch is law, not politics. Rand’s “what should government do?” is a frozen abstraction that smuggles the state into the question. The real question: means are scarce, so men can conflict — how should conflicts be handled? Three answers: jungle / mixed / NAP; the first two collapse (possession≠ownership retortion; arbitrary particularisation; primacy of consciousness), leaving the NAP.
  3. Hoppe without Kant. Argument-from-argument kept; the a priori discarded as “mysticism.” His replacement vocabulary: epilology (the science of free will = praxeology + thymology), conceptual vs perceptual instead of a priori vs a posteriori. Genealogy claim: Rothbard was essentially an Objectivist.
  4. Open Objectivism, his way: Objectivism = the philosophy of the primacy of existence (genus: philosophy; differentia: explicit application of that primacy). Not “what Rand believed,” not “true philosophy.”
  5. Ethics as a guide to action, not survival. Death is not an action, so it cannot be a standard; principles cannot be dropped “just this once”; emergencies are usually the fruit of earlier negligence.
  6. Private defense = Hoppe’s insurance model, plus “law is discovered, so competing arbitrators converge.”
  7. Definitions are objectively correct or incorrect; nominalism (Hobbes) is epistemic suicide; package-deals and frozen abstractions are the two tools he reaches for most.

Where he and the vault stand — the running ledger

Topic LZ Vault Status
Root of law scarcity → conflict → NAP, no self-ownership step same derivation, self-ownership page agree (independent confirmation)
Bodily autonomy a scarce means; assault = conflict over it — installed by definition at ch. 1 step 5, not derived; ch. 3: the fact is exclusive direct control (agreed), the label “ownership” is chosen for tidiness so guardianship can be property; ch. 4: the hand-wave test passed — inalienability argued from abandonment + revocable consent (the vault’s slavery test), bundle point conceded, label kept and doing no named work “bodies are not property” but still first application of conflict avoidance; Chris: a second root, not property open — inside the vault too
The word “anarchy” must be fought; definitions are objectively correct Chris: drop it — common tongue = lawlessness; language fix removes the critiques disagree — and the thorn is self-inflicted by his concept-realism
Argumentation ethics Hoppe, Randized lineage §4 objections (liberty vs claim right; scope) land unchanged disagree on the over-derivation; his ownership/possession retortion is the better move
Base of the conditional life (Rand’s words) but action in practice action closer than he thinks — see the death-standard question
Edges of a life both ends answered, with one device: death — will = transfer conditioned on death, intestacy = homestead race, will-destroyed = ownable; birth — rights from conception, guardianship as homesteaded right, the child’s future will as an encrypted testament conception/birth, death/inheritance are where the theory doesn’t meet reality (Chris) confirms Chris on both ends — absent agency is bridged by a document-plus-conditional-transfer hack at each edge; “fine as a hack, arbitrary by his own definition”
Potential as the ground of rights (ch. 3, 5) the rights-bearing entity is one that “might in the future” express a will; universality rests on “the potential to argue” asked as hub Q1: is potential not the intrinsicism he rejects? conceded in his text — potential is load-bearing and un-argued
Link overrides title (ch. 5) the baby owns the parents’ matter; the awakened AI owns the scientist’s hardware not in ch. 3; the right answer, added where needed new rule by fiat — Q22
Neglect is not harm (ch. 5) — placed by ch. 7 Hersum: refusing to feed is abandonment, penalised only as forestalling; but ch. 7 asserts “guardians ought save their children” as an ethical universal → ethics has positive duties law does not enforce — Chris: consistent; parents owe children nothing in libertarian law; but the guardian is both trustee and competitor inside one decision-maker (“can you steal from yourself?”) — a one-party case in a two-party rule; ordinary law’s answer is fiduciary duty, which scarcity-conflict cannot generate the action/inaction asymmetry grounds negative rights — open whether it also makes starving a child a forestalling offence, or whether scope confusion tiers the duty consistent on his side; a live test for the vault
Abortion (ch. 5) conception is the only principled discontinuity; the child is not the mother’s body; evictionism Chris on the Word War round: conception is “a capturable event, not an arbitrary line”; the “part of your body” claim is false agree on the metaphysics; evictionism = the neglect rule applied in utero
Final arbiter none needed; independent judges converge on discovered law jurisdiction problem; the city-state record; Chris: “I agree more with Rand” — the two dismissing assumptions are war is expensive so they’ll negotiate and there is a truth and it can be discovered; Rand’s “competing governments” is the accurate name disagree
What ancapistan looks like “can’t predict what doesn’t exist” (restaurant analogy) Chris: weak — “trust me bro”; he has a picture and won’t commit to avoid confrontation disagree; hold him to the course
Theory of definitions Aristotelian essence-realism; “pragmatism” a slur trained detectors + constructed≠arbitrary; his own criterion is functional disagree — the seam into the epistemology trunk
The “natural law” label (ch. 1) rights are discovered; “source of rights” = primacy of consciousness (never defined) Chris: they are derived from the NAP axiom; you must accept the axioms first, and “discovered” hides that step; the retortion covers LNC, not step 2 disagree — the Platonic part
Logic (ch. 1) classical only; LNC retortion carries the system the three laws unbundled: tautology + bookkeeping rule + one empirical bet disagree, mild — matters where LNC is asked to do metaphysical work
First use (ch. 3) apodictic — the only non-contradictory assignment comparative — the least arbitrary, alternatives named (self-ownership page) agree on the rule, disagree on the modality — he only ever considers taking as the alternative
Exclusion vs scarcity (ch. 3) de Jasay: exclusion is ownership; enclosing a ring owns the interior scarcity is the absolute; exclusion is one response (hierarchy of ownership) disagree — his §1 sides with us against his §5
Group ownership (ch. 3) impossible — co-owners cannot both win a dispute a bundle with internal rules; shared ownership queued on the legal-theory README; Chris’s two-diggers case (joint uncovering → on his rules, stubbornness decides or it cannot have happened) disagree — his company example is co-ownership under one name; the ancap community is still struggling with it (Chris, from inside)
Ground of rights (ch. 1) “rights simply are”; any source of rights = primacy of consciousness mind-dependent and constrained (constitutive realism); vacuity test he is inside our framework — Move 3 — and doesn’t know it; same pattern as definitions
Where legal knowledge lives (ch. 1–2) principles armchair-complete; judges only apply — but ch. 2’s mailbox and Restatement examples concede that the content of “aggression” is conventional/aggregated principles grown; adjudication generates, precedent aggregates (Hayek) disagree in doctrine, conceded in his examples — the theoretical root of the arbiter row
Intent / causation in classification (ch. 2) Kinsella black box + foreseeability (from the Restatement of Torts): a will in the chain does not break it; boss and goons equally liable; getaway driver liable for the murder Chris’s Free Will Principle: free will in the chain assigns proximate cause; cause stops at the informed agent; no foreseeability standard; law is discoverable without Kinsella’s framing disagree — the sharpest concrete split so far
Patches the theory forbids itself (ch. 4) ownership = just direction — then a rule for which incidents attach to which object (bodies exclude-only); the will as “conditional transfer” on a party with no agency; “bank” by stipulation the bundle view and an account of where such rules come from (adjudication, aggregated) Chris: fine as hacks; arbitrary by his own definition — the pattern to watch in ch. 5–7
Intent in classification — resolved (ch. 6) actus reus in every trespass, knowing or not → restitution; mens rea (knowingly performed the invasion) required for retribution; ch. 2’s foreseeability stays at the causation door Chris: aggression binary, restitution + retribution owed, no intent analysis in law; mercy and discretion live in the people agree on classification and restitution; the split is “retribution requires mens rea” — Chris: no, the punitive tracks what was done to the owner, not what the taker knew (the car returned while you were away; the ball: restoration alone leaves the invaded party’s time uncompensated and punishes the neighbour’s recovery more than his ball’s invasion)
Defense (ch. 6) exclusion by the means required and no more; the aggressor bears the harm to the shield he uses; bystanders off limits gentleness principle + causationism agree — near-verbatim
Punishment (ch. 6) estoppel from the act; same-form proportionality restitution automatic; retribution by contract/common law/discretion; estoppel only from assertions (repaired retortion form) disagree — weak retortion; “same form” cannot reach fraud, rape, death
“Ought is ought” (ch. 6 → 7) one categorical ought; prudential ought is an is in disguise — but ch. 7’s every substantive ought is given the choice to live, … all oughts hypothetical on the structure of agency (Trunk 1) resolved against him by his own examples — he is inside Trunk 1
Hume’s guillotine (ch. 7) “dismantled”: ¬NAP → p∧¬p, ∴ NAP as a true ought the gap dissolves (the questioner already stands on the ought side); nothing is derived disagree — the syllogism embeds the ought and slides ¬O(A) → O(¬A)
Life as the value (ch. 7) to argue is to have chosen life, so life is undeniably good Chris’s repair to Rand — with the scope fixed: pragmatic indispensability, not a theorem agree on the move, disagree on its reach
Moralised error (ch. 7) evasion is immoral; persistent opponents are wicked (Peikoff) symmetric grounding; test methods, don’t denounce them disagree — mens rea for ideas; the mechanism behind “pragmatism as a slur”
Mercy in the people (ch. 7) Rothbard’s lifeboat verdict endorsed: liable, pardonable legal-theory principle 4 agree
Initiation / threats (Q13) absent from the corpus — no brandishing, imminence, or fire-near case; deferred to judges via a single Kinsella footnote the imminence line is the vault’s own open question 1 unanswered on his side; Q25
FRB (ch. 4) fraud — because “a bank is a money-warehouse” not fraud if disclosed; the real issue is separated risk-bearing and return (business cycles) disagree — his own definition of fraud (deception) sides with us
Axiom status of the NAP (ch. 2) self-evident, LNC-grade fails his own test — disputable without violation; pragmatic indispensability at most disagree — his definition decides it against him
Method theorist; deductive; rejects empirics as “pragmatism” verification independence = drop to a lower artifact; experiments already run count disagree — Chris: this is what makes his theory weaker

Sources — his own vault

LZ publishes everything as source: liquidzulu.github.io, repo LiquidZulu/liquidzulu.github.io (branch source, CC0). On this machine it is cloned as the sibling liquidzulu-wiki (resolve via .claude/local-paths.md, pinned commit 4f30b83, 2026-06-04) — a git clone at a pinned commit is an immutable source, so the text is not copied into raw/; pages point at the repo by path and heading. What is in it:

Essays reviewed

The course, chapter by chapter (in his n: order)

  1. The Nature of Law — the axiom layer. Just is defined as argumentatively justifiable at step 2 and the rest is that definition unpacked; property enters by definition at step 5 (Chris’s prediction, confirmed); polylogism refuted only by dropping the index; positivism quoted right, argued wrong; “rights simply are” fails the vacuity test and his next sentence supplies the constitutive grounding — constitutive realism wearing an intrinsicist badge. Agrees with the vault on legislation vs discovery but keeps the code armchair-complete, which is the theoretical root of the arbiter disagreement.
  2. The Non-Aggression Principle — the axiom chapter. By his own definition of axiom (must be accepted to be disputed) the NAP is not one — it can be disputed without being violated, LNC cannot — so it is a chosen axiom presented as self-evident; the argument-from-argument proves a norm of argumentation, not from it (liberty/claim-right and scope objections untouched); rights-scepticism refuted only for objectors. Intent enters classification here, not ch. 6: Kinsella’s black-box causation + foreseeability (mob boss and goons equally liable; getaway driver liable for the murder) — the direct negation of the vault’s Free Will Principle. The mailbox/seedy-bar examples concede that the content of “aggression” is conventional, which ch. 1’s doctrine denies.
  3. Homesteading and Property Rights — the content chapter, and every derivation runs on a false dichotomy (first-comer or taking; labour or decree; self-ownership or communism or castes; one owner or contradiction). The vault reaches the same rule comparatively (“least arbitrary”); LZ claims it apodictically and cannot deliver. He bites the donut bullet — enclosure owns the unused interior = ownership-by-exclusion, the rule §1 called a contradiction; “group ownership is impossible” only under a definition his own company example abandons; and ownership is redefined as direction so that guardianship can be a property right — the sentence to hold for ch. 5.
  4. Contract Theory — his best chapter. Title transfer; no breach, only the transfers you agreed to (Chris’s mens-rea position); no debtors’ prison. On voluntary slavery he argues rather than waves — abandonment is impossible for a living body, consent is revocable — the vault’s slavery test, with the bundle point conceded (“ownership does not imply the right to sell”). Costs, in his text: a will-destroyed person is “legally analogous to a corpse” and ownable; a will is transfer-on-death but violates his own no-gap rule; intestacy = the estate ceded to nature for a homestead race. Fraud is intent-defined (against his own breach rule) and disclosed FRB is re-convicted only by stipulating what “bank” means.
  5. The Rights of Children — the birth end. Guardianship = a homesteaded, singly-held right to raise; the child’s future will = an encrypted testament the guardian preserves until readable — the same hack as the will at death, run in reverse; Chris’s verdict transfers. Concessions: rights attach to an entity that “might in the future” express a will (potential, hub Q1 answered); the objective link overrides prior title (parents’ matter, the scientist’s hardware — a rule ch. 3 never stated); “proximity” makes the mother the guardian by fiat; neglect is not harm (Hersum: the food is the guardian’s). Abortion: conception as the only principled event — Chris’s own position — then evictionism, which is the neglect rule in utero.
  6. Defensive Force and Proportionality — on defense, twins with the vault (gentleness = “required to exclude and no more”; the human-body shield = causationism; bystanders off limits). On punishment, Kinsella’s estoppel from the act is the weak retortion form the is-ought page already flagged — his smoker passage concedes the preference/norm distinction it needs to deny. Mens rea, resolved: actus reus in every trespass, knowing or not (= Chris on classification and restitution); mens rea codified only for retribution, where Chris uses victim’s discretion — the mens rea page’s own resolution line. “Ought is ought” is the Trunk-1 seam, deferred to ch. 7. And the course has no theory of threats — nothing on brandishing, imminence, or firing near someone: hub Q13 is unanswered by his corpus.
  7. Law as a Subset of Ethics — the close. Lifeboat by owner’s rules or first-come; Rothbard read (correctly) as narrowing law, not splitting the ought — and Rothbard’s verdict (liable; pardonable) is the vault’s mercy lives in the people. The centrepiece syllogism embeds the ought it derives and slides from ¬O(A) to O(¬A); the promised categorical ought arrives as Rand’s life-base by retortion — Chris’s repair to Rand, minus the scope discipline (“life is undeniably good” is the overextension the vault corrected on 2026-09-10); every substantive ought in the chapter is given the choice to live, … — so “ought is ought” collapses into Trunk 1 by his own examples. “Error is immoral” installs mens rea for ideas and is the mechanism behind “pragmatism as a slur.” And guardians ought save their drowning children (ethics) beside ch. 5’s neglect-is-not-harm (law) is the enforceability gradient, used and unnamed — which settles the vault’s live test.

Course verdict — the arc of seven chapters

One finding, seven times. LZ is a constitutive realist who believes he is a mind-independence realist. Ch. 1: “rights simply are” fails the vacuity test and his next sentence supplies the constitutive ground. Ch. 2: the NAP fails his own definition of an axiom — it is chosen, not self-evident. Ch. 3: first-use is reached by false dichotomy; the vault has the same rule comparatively. Ch. 4: the body is inalienable by the vault’s own slavery test, and the will is a hack. Ch. 5: the child’s future will is the same hack reversed; potential is the ground after all. Ch. 6: on defense he is the vault’s twin; on punishment, the weak retortion. Ch. 7: every ought is given the choice to live — Trunk 1 in his own examples. The system works, and it works because it is the vault’s system with three additions he cannot license: apodictic modality, a single categorical ought, and a code complete from the armchair. Remove those and what remains is constitutive realism with a scarcity-conflict legal theory — which is where the vault already stands.

Where he is genuinely stronger than his reputation: title-transfer contracts and no debtors’ prison (ch. 4); the estate-manager frame for children (ch. 5); defense as exclusion-by-the-means-required (ch. 6); Rothbard on the lifeboat, read right (ch. 7).

Where the theory is weakest, in Chris’s order: homesteading (the two-diggers case; the donut; group ownership); the edges of a life (bridged by hacks at both ends); the missing theory of threats (initiation never defined for anything that touches no property); “retribution requires mens rea” (no room for the punitive independent of mind); and the final arbiter (a judge is summoned at every classification the axiom cannot make, while the doctrine says the code is complete).

Chris’s characterisation, for the record (2026-09-21). LZ prides himself on being “the most consistent bastard on the internet” — and most of his work is consistent, course by course; internally consistent across the courses, less so (the ledger’s “patches the theory forbids itself” row is the evidence). Chris likes him: a thinker and a truth-seeker. His biggest weakness is the rejection of pragmatism, which leads him to want to believe the theory even where it goes against reality. The hope underneath is that, since we have never seen the world he approves of, it would all just happen to work out if we all complied — a normal mistake for those who think they know better. The vault’s reply is its standing method: accumulated state is the verification layer — maybe we have already tried, and the current situation is the result of those mistakes (the city-state record on government formation; “competing governments”; every judge summoned where the axiom fell silent).

Chris’s closing read. Fair, and the last chapter makes it solid. When the ethics is challenged (the drowning child, the ball on the lawn) it bottoms out in “well, you just should” — and that has drawn enough pushback that many libertarians now hold the theory as a legal theory, not an ethical system. Which is fair — and it is Graf’s position, the one ch. 7 was written against.

What the vault got from him: an independent confirmation of the self-ownership-free derivation; a live test on neglect and the action/inaction asymmetry (now answered by his own ch. 7 — the asymmetry is the enforceable tier); a shared gap on imminence; the two-diggers case for the shared-ownership page; and 28 questions for a living philosopher.

Questions for LZ

Because he is a living philosopher, these are meant to be asked, not filed. Field note (Chris): as open as he seems, he is in practice resistant to debate — the corporation / group-ownership example was shut down and dismissed quickly on approach, and the two-diggers case was answered as “a Mr. Beast game” (i.e. the stubbornness contest of ch. 3 §2, accepted as the answer rather than as the problem). Expect the questions to need a written, on-the-record form rather than a comment thread.

  1. Before agency: on an action/argumentation base, what derives the rights of a fetus or an infant, who neither act praxeologically nor argue? If the answer is “potential,” how is that not the intrinsicism you reject? — Answered in ch. 5: it is potential (“might in the future be able to”), and he does not treat it as intrinsicism. The follow-ups are questions 20–22.
  2. At death: if “at the moment of death there is no one to speak of,” who owns the estate at that instant? If a will is a title transfer completed in life, what makes a dead man’s instruction bind the living without the authority’s-say-so you define anarchism against? — Answered in ch. 4 (transfer conditioned on death; intestacy = abandonment); the follow-up is question 17.
  3. Bodily autonomy: is a punch a conflict over a scarce means, or is autonomy a second root? What is lost if it is the second?
  4. The arbiter: Rand’s objection was about honest disagreement among fully rational men, not about criminals. What, other than negotiation, resolves two competing courts that both read “reality” and reach opposite verdicts?
  5. Your criterion for definitions is “the requirements of man’s conceptual faculty.” That is a functional test. What distinguishes it from the pragmatism you treat as a slur?
  6. Commit to a picture. You say you cannot predict a market that does not exist, but the restaurant analogy fails: a bad restaurant fails locally, a bad rights-enforcement equilibrium fails as a war. What is your best concrete guess for how two firms with opposite verdicts on the same case settle it — and what would count as that mechanism failing?
  7. (ch. 1, step 2) Why should just mean argumentatively justifiable rather than any other candidate? What selects that definition, other than “you are arguing right now” — and does that not presuppose it?
  8. (ch. 1, polylogism) The polylogist asserts “just-under-A” and “unjust-under-B,” not “just and not-just.” What licenses dropping the index before finding the contradiction?
  9. (ch. 1, “rights simply are”) In a world with no agents, what does that sentence refer to? If the answer is “nothing — but given agents and scarcity the norm follows,” that is an agent-dependent account. Is that not the “source of rights” you reject?
  10. (ch. 2, your own test) You define an axiom as a proposition one must accept in order to dispute it, against mathematics’ “arbitrarily chosen” ones. I can dispute the NAP at length without aggressing against you; I cannot dispute non-contradiction without using it. By your definition, which kind is the NAP?
  11. (ch. 2, the midget and the hitman) If a will in the chain does not break causation because the tank was a black box to A, is the hitman a black box to the boss? If agency grounds self-ownership (ch. 1), how can the theory treat an agent as a mechanism when convenient?
  12. (ch. 2, the seedy bar) If an insult can communicate consent to a fight, words license violence against the speaker. State the rule: which words, to whom, license what? — And does the man who swings first not have agency? (Chris: he does; the swinger is the aggressor, full stop.)
  13. (ch. 3, §1) From “ownership ≠ mere control” you conclude “first controller owns.” Need, lot, use-with-rent, and use-it-or-lose-it all distinguish ownership from control. What excludes them, other than that you only considered taking?
  14. (ch. 3, §5) If enclosing a ring makes you owner of the unused interior, ownership is the ability to exclude — the rule you called a contradiction in §1. Does exclusion confer title, or not?
  15. (ch. 3, §6) You choose “ownership = just direction” so that guardianship can be a property right. Is a child, then, property directed by the guardian — and if not, what distinguishes guardianship-as-property from ownership of a person?
  16. (ch. 4, §1 vs §5) A transfer without simultaneous take-up of control is abandonment, or Xury swoops in. At the instant of death the heir controls nothing. Is a will a transfer or an abandonment — and if the latter, why is intestacy not the general case?
  17. (ch. 4, §4) A will-destroyed person is “legally analogous to a corpse” and ownable. What is the status of a comatose patient expected to wake, and who holds the right to exclude others from her body meanwhile?
  18. (ch. 4, §2) Fraud is deception. A depositor signs a contract stating reserves are 20%. Who has been deceived — and if no one, what makes it fraud other than your definition of “bank”?
  19. (ch. 5, §1) By your definition ownership = just direction. The guardian owns the exclusive right to direct the child’s upbringing. In your vocabulary, what is the difference between that and owning the child?
  20. (ch. 5, §1) Refusing to feed a child is not harm because the food is yours. Is a guardian who lets a child starve while notifying adopters guilty of anything — and if not, is “rights from conception” a claim about anything the child can lose?
  21. (ch. 5, §3) The awakened AI owns the scientist’s hardware; the baby owns the parents’ matter. An emergent will extinguishes prior title. Where in chapters 1–3 is that derived, and does it apply to a will that emerges in your property?
  22. (ch. 6, §1) A man smokes while sincerely holding that he should not; you concede he holds both. Then the act reveals a preference, not a norm — so what makes the puncher’s act an assertion that punching is permissible for everyone, rather than a choice he may believe is wrong?
  23. (ch. 6, §3) If actus reus grounds restitution and the accidental trespasser is not punished either way, what does codifying mens rea for retribution buy that the victim’s discretion does not — other than an intent inquiry inside the law you wanted objective?
  24. (ch. 6, §6) Your defense chapter has no threat case. A man draws a weapon on me and says nothing; a man fires a round past my head. On your definitions — conflict as mutually exclusive use of a scarce means — is either an initiation? If yes, what was the scarce means; if no, may I not defend until I am hit?
  25. (ch. 7, §2) Your syllogism concludes ¬(“I ought aggress”) and writes it as “I ought not aggress.” No obligation to aggress and an obligation not to aggress differ by the whole content of the NAP. Which did you derive?
  26. (ch. 7, §3) “We ought grow crops in the sun, other things being equal” is conditional on the choice to live. Name one ought in the chapter not of the form given that one chooses to live, … — and if there is none, what does “ought is ought” deny that “one hypothetical ought conditional on agency” affirms?
  27. (ch. 7, §1) You assert guardians ought save their drowning children as a universal principle; in ch. 5 a guardian who refuses to feed a child commits no harm. So ethics has positive duties law does not enforce. Is that not two tiers of one ought — and what, other than the word, separates it from Rothbard’s “moral course of action vs the rights of the case”?
  28. (initiation — now confirmed absent from the corpus, ch. 6) Is firing a bullet near someone aggression? If brandishing is “initiation of conflict,” then initiation covers acts that touch no property and no body — so is “conflict” wider than mutually exclusive actions over a scarce means, or is there a second root? (Raised by Chris at ch. 2; the course never defines initiation for threats — see Q25.)

Open Questions

Tags

philosophy, objectivism, libertarian-law, natural-law