Morality — Open Problems

Where the framework is incomplete or under pressure. These are genuine unresolved tensions, not just items on a to-do list.

Links: Morality, Relational Objectivity, Emergence and Convergence


1. The Filter Problem

Cross-cultural convergence includes bad patterns too (slavery, patriarchy, out-group violence). If convergence validates “don’t steal,” does it validate “subjugate your enemies”? Directionality (error-correction over time) is the proposed filter, but the timescale can be centuries. What does a person living inside an uncorrected error do?

2. Naming an Absolute Moral Truth

“Murder is wrong” begs the question (murder = wrongful killing by definition). Theistic “God is good” pushes the is-ought gap to the deity. Can a non-theological absolute be identified?

The slavery case is instructive: slavery requires a victim with agency (a mind), so the moral claim is mind-dependent by construction. But given agency, no coherent agent can defend slavery without undermining their own agency (performative contradiction). So is “slavery is wrong” objective? It depends on whether “objective” means “mind-independent” (no — it requires minds) or “stance-independent given minds” (yes — no agent can coherently deny it). The standard objective/subjective dichotomy may be the wrong frame entirely. See #5 below.

The framework may not need an absolute if probabilistic heuristics evaluated by aggregate outcomes are sufficient.

Candidate surfaced 2026-07-05 (Sitch/Mullally debate review): “one should think.” The closest-to-universal non-theological primitive — near-retortion-proof (denying it requires thinking), so it’s the performative floor named as a moral imperative. It has a domain limit (a reactive situation, where no conscious decision is being made), but that’s inapplicability, not violation — the imperative is simply out of scope where there’s no deliberation, the same way “murder” is out of scope where there’s no unlawful killing.

The universality↔implementability trade (the reframe that reorganizes this problem). “Absolute = applies in every situation” is a physically impossible bar for any actor-bound, physics-bound morality; the only thing at that limit is God. So the candidates lie on a curve: “one should think” is maximally implementable but domain-bounded; “do as God wills” is maximally universal but uncomputable (epistemically inaccessible — it just relocates the is-ought gap into knowing God’s will). The more universal the claim, the less operational. So the right question may not be “is there an absolute?” but “where on the universality/implementability curve do you want to sit?” — which is why the framework runs on domain-bounded, scope-limited norms rather than a single universal. (See debate review §Discussion.)

The semantic/pragmatic test (Chris, 2026-09-10) — and it splits the candidate. Applying the two-axis grading from The Regress Problem:

“‘One should think.’ Semantically it is a moral fact backed by performative grounding, maybe not the case pragmatically.”

That is right, and it is the most useful thing said about this candidate so far, because the two tests come apart in opposite directions for the two flagship cases:

  Semantically self-defeating to deny? Pragmatically indispensable?
non-contradiction yes yes
induction no — Hume stated it and meant it yes
“one should think” yes no — people live largely unthinking, and manage

So the escape is a 2×2, not a ladder, and “one should think” occupies the cell nobody had looked at: strong on the semantic test, weak on the pragmatic one. Three consequences for this open problem:

1. It repairs the retortion argument, which was stated too weakly. “Denying it requires thinking” is vulnerable to the standard objection to performative arguments: doing X does not entail you should do X. I breathe while asserting “one should not breathe,” and no contradiction follows — I merely happen to breathe. The repaired version does not rest on the occurrence of cognition:

Your denial asks me to accept it because you reasoned to it. If thinking carries no normative authority, your conclusion carries none either — so the denial destroys its own standing. The self-defeat is in the authority of the assertion, not in the fact that a brain was running.

That version survives the objection. The naive one does not, and it is the one the vault has been carrying.

2. It gives a better account of the domain limit than “reactive situations.” The limit above is stated as inapplicability where no conscious decision is being made. The pragmatic result locates it more precisely: the norm is constitutive of the practice of claiming someone’s assent, and outside that practice the performative escape yields nothing at all. The domain is not “situations involving deliberation” — it is situations in which you are making a claim on another mind. Narrower, and checkable.

3. It explains the trivial objection — and answers it. The Mullally call flagged triviality as a live threat, and the pragmatic weakness is why the charge feels apt: if the norm binds only inside assertion, it looks like a rule of the debating room with nothing to say about life.

The answer is reliance, borrowed from the driving specimen: asserting something to someone asks them to rely on your having thought. Careless assertion abuses that reliance, and that is an ordinary moral wrong against a person — the same structure as breaking a promise, where the content is arbitrary and the obligation is not.

Which yields the division of labour the candidate needed:

The performative escape earns inescapability within assertion. Reliance earns moral. Two different jobs, and running them together is what made the triviality charge stick — the escape was being asked to deliver a moral conclusion it cannot reach on its own.

The 2×2 is also a diagnosis of argumentation ethics (added 2026-09-22)

Chris restated the cell independently, and in restating it noticed what it does to a different argument:

“‘One should think’ passes the argumentation test, but not the reality test. Otoh ‘one should live’ seems to be the reverse!”

That is the table above (semantic ↔ pragmatic) under two new names, and the pairing is the point. Argumentation ethics needs a norm that wins both columns at once — it runs the semantic test (deny this while arguing and you refute yourself) and then spends the proceeds as pragmatic, political content (therefore self-ownership, homesteading, the NAP). The vault’s own 2×2 says the columns come apart, and the two flagship norms come apart in opposite directions:

  argumentation / semantic test reality / pragmatic test
“one should think” passes — your denial asks me to accept it because you reasoned to it fails — people live largely unthinking, and manage
“one should live” fails — being alive while you argue does not make living obligatory passes — it is the precondition of every other value

So the norm AE would need sits in a cell neither flagship occupies, and nothing here suggests that cell is populated by anything but non-contradiction. This is the vault’s independent route to Stayton’s double bind — he gets there by splitting the universalization premise into three readings and showing only the strongest reaches the conclusion; this gets there by observing that the test which licenses the inference and the test which supplies the content are different tests. Same diagnosis, different instrument, which is the kind of agreement worth having.

Note the direction of the second row: “one should live” is the Objectivist starting point, and its failure on the semantic test is exactly why the Objectivist in that debate could not seal the regress by argument alone — and, plausibly, why he went on to publish against argumentation ethics rather than adopt it.

So the candidate survives, downgraded and sharpened: not an absolute, but a real, narrow, non-trivial norm — practice-relative in its self-defeat, moral by way of reliance, and sitting exactly where the universality↔implementability curve predicts (maximally implementable, tightly domain-bounded). Note also that it does not rescue grounding facts #2 and #3 (you should live, you should exist), which the Mullally call left in tension with capital punishment: neither is semantically self-defeating to deny, so both fall to the pragmatic column, where the argument is Move 2 territory rather than performative.

3. The Timescale Problem

Immoral strategies can dominate for generations. Error correction is a civilizational process, not an individual one. How does an individual navigate when the lagging indicators haven’t caught up yet?

4. The Dual-Path Structure

The vault accepts two paths to moral truths: empirical convergence and performative grounding. These are NOT independent parallel arguments — the vault’s position is that empirics come first, and given enough empirical data, the logical structure reveals itself. Performative contradiction is the formalization of what the empirics already showed, not a separate path.

The chain: experiment -> convergence -> logical explanation in hindsight -> formalization -> forward prediction.

Example: “slavery is wrong” was discovered empirically across civilizations over millennia; the performative contradiction argument is the logical skeleton extracted from that data. Similarly, religious moral prohibitions (e.g., contraception) often encode logical structures discoverable only on civilizational timescales — cached consequentialism from a dataset too large for any individual to observe.

The weakness that remains: “might makes reality” keeps reasserting itself because the brute who acts without arguing faces no performative contradiction, and empirical convergence operates on centuries, not lifetimes. (Clarified 2026-04-05.)

The game-theoretic reframe of the brute (2026-07-05, Sitch/Mullally debate review). The brute is exactly the Ring of Gyges / undetectable one-shot defector, and his formal license is real: at the 1-person level always-defect is the correct/winning strategy, and it’s the default — cooperation is not the natural baseline but the constructed structure that escapes it (“humans leaving the jungle”). Even tit-for-tat loses to always-defect in strict pairwise play. So the brute isn’t a bug in the theory; he’s the ground state. What answers him:

5. The Objective/Subjective Paradox — RESOLVED

Resolution: The paradox dissolves because “objective” and “subjective” each conflate two independent axes: (1) mind-dependent vs mind-independent, and (2) constitutive vs elective. Split the axes and both paths are correct — morality IS mind-dependent (path A, axis 1) AND constitutive/non-arbitrary (path B, axis 2). There’s no paradox; the two paths answer different questions.

The constitutive/elective distinction replaces the broken objective/subjective vocabulary. Full argument: The Constitutive/Elective Distinction. (Resolved 2026-04-08 via Noerr vs Terry X debate review.)

6. Mind/Brain Emergence and the Physicalism Boundary

The vault holds that mind is emergent from brain — physical but not reducible to physics (Emergence and Convergence).

This dissolves a false dichotomy that both physicalists and dualists rely on:

The dichotomy between physical and non-physical may be as false as the objective/subjective one in #5. Both debates assume a clean boundary that emergence dissolves. (Surfaced 2026-04-05 via TJump panel debate.)

Tags

philosophy, morality, epistemology