Vault

Abortion Should Be Legal Nationwide (Kewl Vic vs. Octavius Thunder) — Round of 16, match 4

The round that broke the audience prior. Chris’s read: Vic argued the better position and Thunder won the room — and both men walked past the two cheapest wins on the board, the conflation the Aff’s whole case rests on and the word nationwide.

Date: 2026-09-07 (premiered 2026-09-03) · Word War Debate Contender Series, Round 2 / round of 16, match 4 Source: YouTube — Word War Debate · Transcript · cleaned See also: LiquidZulu Course 5 — The Rights of Children — an ancap theorist reaching Chris’s “conception is a capturable event” and “the child is not the mother’s body” independently, then deriving evictionism from them. Prompt: “Abortion should be legal nationwide.” Participants: Octavius Thunder (Aff — for legality, opens first) vs. Kewl Vic (Neg — against) Moderator: Monica Perez — The Monica Perez Show; her fourth round of round 2, after suffrage, Iran and amnesty Duration: 1:02:17 · 3,495 views — by a wide margin the most-watched tape in the bracket (previous ceiling ~1,136 in round 1; 822 in round 2) Result: OCTAVIUS THUNDER 58.4% – 41.6% KEWL VIC (+16.8) — the second-narrowest margin in the tournament, behind only Cruz/Hamm (+12.4) Vault relevance: Word War series hub, The Load-Bearing Word, Formal Debate Concepts, Thunder’s round 1, Vic’s round 1

⚠ Registration hygiene — no call is claimable on this round. This is the seventh and last round-2 debate to be covered, and it was picked up after its result card was already published. Nothing here counts as a prediction, and the round earns the model nothing either way. What it can do — and does — is falsify a coded prior after the fact, which is a weaker but not worthless kind of evidence.


⭐ The headline: the pool’s prior went the other way

Every model on the hub codes this audience the same way — agency-affirming, free-speech, anti-establishment, patriot-coded, right-leaning. On “abortion should be legal nationwide” that signature has an obvious reading, and it points at Kewl Vic. Vic is the contender who won round 1 by +62.0, the third-largest margin in the bracket. He drew the socially conservative side of the most-litigated proposition in American politics, in front of a pool that had just voted a pro-deportation position and a “satanic pedophilic overlords” closing into the round of 16.

He lost.

The correction this forces is not “the prior model is wrong” — the deportation and amnesty rounds both paid on prior — but that the audience signature is being coded as one axis when it is at least two, and they are separable:

Axis Content Where it has been observed
Anti-establishment / bodily-autonomy don’t let the government decide what you do with your body; COVID-mandate memory; Epstein-file register wins here; drives Thunder’s whole case
Social-conservative / traditionalist life begins at conception; traditional marriage; demographic replacement Vic’s whole case — loses

Thunder never argued that abortion is good. He said so twice in the opening (“I’m not arguing that abortion is morally correct. I am merely advocating for its legality”) and again in the closing (“I’m not fine with abortion morally… it’s sad and it’s unfortunate”). What he argued is that criminalising it is the government adding a new power over your body — and he cashed that out with the one analogy this pool cannot refuse:

Thunder: “Did you take the COVID vac? Were you a supporter of that?” Vic: “I was not a supporter of the government forcing us to take the vax.” Thunder: “Okay. Well, that is the government attempting to get in our bodies. And this is another example of increasing the government’s power to control our bodies.”

Vic answered the question honestly and lost the frame in the same breath. That exchange is the round in miniature: the two axes were put directly against each other, one debater made the collision explicit, and the ballot picked the anti-government axis by 17 points.

Why this matters beyond one round. The hub’s finding 17 model reads a prior off “the pool’s signature.” If the signature is a bundle of axes that can conflict, then coding a prior requires first deciding which axis the resolution loads — and that decision is currently being made implicitly. Abortion loads both, hard, and the anti-government axis won. That is a directly usable prediction rule for round 3, where two of four resolutions are about war.

Both openings collapsed — in opposite directions

The round of 16, on abortion, and neither man used his five minutes.

Set against the ~12 hours’ notice contenders reportedly get, that is a partial excuse and a complete explanation. But note what it costs the round: the two debaters brought no medical facts to an abortion debate. Vic does not know how Plan B works (“I’m not really sure how Plan B exactly works”), cannot name a medical indication (“I don’t know of any procedures where you need to get a medical abortion”), and answers the ectopic-pregnancy question from half-memory. Thunder cites one DOJ prisoner survey and one undated crime trend. This is a layer-3 failure in a round that never seriously attempted layer 3 — and it is the reason the ballot came down to framing.

⭐ Chris: the conflation at minute four that licenses everything after it

This is the round, and it is settled before either man has spoken for five minutes. Thunder’s opening:

“I believe in personal property rights and I believe that is a part of your body until it leaves your body.”

Chris: “This is false at almost every level. A non-pregnant woman, every cell has HER DNA, but with child, all the cells of the child are UNIQUE DNA… the child is not the mother at any point in time. And this conflation allows Thunder to treat the whole thing as a mother gets to do what she wants.”

That is the load-bearing move, and it is never contested. Everything downstream — bodily autonomy, the COVID-mandate parallel, “as long as it’s not harming other people,” the whole anti-government frame — runs on the premise that there is one body in the room. Grant it and Vic cannot win; deny it and Thunder has to argue for his conclusion instead of assuming it. Vic needed to be on this from his first sentence, and opened on demographic replacement instead.

Why the genetic form of the point is the right one to lead with. “Part of” is not a vague notion — an organ is integrated into the organism’s own functioning and carries its genome. A fetus has its own genome, its own developmental program, frequently a different blood type, and a trajectory that is not the mother’s. It is not a kidney. The strongest reply available to Thunder is dependency — it cannot survive without her — and the answer is that dependency is not identity: a dialysis patient is not part of the machine, and a newborn cannot survive alone either. That exchange never happens. It is the central exchange of the entire abortion question, and this round skips it.

So the load-bearing word is “your body”, and the move is inflation

⚠ Correction to this page’s first pass. It named “control of our bodies” as the load-bearing term and proposed a candidate fifth family for it. That was the symptom. The load-bearing word is “your body”, and the manipulation is one The Load-Bearing Word already carries: inflation — widen the extension until no counterexample survives. Your body is widened to cover a genetically distinct organism, and once it has been, “you should be able to do what you want with your body” settles the resolution by definition rather than by argument.

Apply the page’s own tell — substitute the offered reading back in and read it aloud: “you should be able to do what you want with the genetically distinct organism inside you, because it is your body.” The force is borrowed from a narrower reading nobody is defending.

The “control of our bodies” observation survives as a second, smaller thing — a term its user needs wide and narrow at once — but it is downstream, and the candidate stretched term family is demoted: one weak specimen, and the round’s real definitional story is a textbook instance of a family the vault already has.

The round’s real spine — the line-drawing exchange

Everything decisive happens between 44:48 and 48:39, and both men know it.

Thunder’s move — the best argument he makes all night. Pressed on dehumanisation, he refuses to defend a metaphysics and defends a convention instead:

“You have to draw the line somewhere… You’ve clearly drawn your line within 24 hours of penetration. My line is about 9 months after that… And we need to have lines because like age of consent laws, when you can drink, what the age you can drive. We have agreed as a society… if you look at it on a scale, it’s just later down the line from yours.”

This is a genuine reframe: it converts an argument about what a fetus is into an argument about where a society sets a threshold, and on that framing his line (birth) has the advantage he names — it is observable. “You can see the difference between a baby existing that you can hold and when it’s inside.”

Vic’s counter — and it is the sharpest thing either man does. He does not dispute the line. He asks who draws it:

“So it seems like you’re fine with the government drawing a lot of lines in society, but for some reason when it comes to abortion, then you’re like, nope.”

That is a clean tu quoque on the load-bearing frame. Thunder’s entire case runs on don’t give the government more control over our bodies; if drinking ages, driving ages and consent ages are all legitimate lines drawn by that same government over that same body, the frame is doing selective work.

Thunder’s escape, and whether it holds. Twice — once live, once in the closing — he answers that age limits are “not having control of our bodies, it’s having control of the commerce… it’s illegal for a business to sell it to you”, and that he is not proposing to add a line but to keep an existing one:

“The age limits that Kewl Vic had an issue with me are pre-existing ones that I do not wish to change. Just like this is a pre-existing limit that I wish to maintain. I’m not asking to add more government intervention.”

The commerce distinction is real and the status-quo point is the better half of it — but the counter was sitting there all round and Vic never found it: abortion bans overwhelmingly criminalise the provider, not the woman, which is exactly the commerce-side regulation Thunder just conceded is legitimate. Vic had the raw material — he’d already said a woman should face “a felony charge” — and never connected it. Neither debater noticed that the escape hatch is the same door.

⭐ Chris rejects the line-drawing argument, and the reason is the strongest counter in the round

My first pass called Thunder’s “my line is just later down the line from yours” the best argument either man makes, and offered the counter that observability is an epistemic virtue, not a moral one — we do not put rights where they are easiest to see. Chris’s counter is better, and it is different in kind:

Chris: “When there is a point in time a unique human doesn’t exist and then the next moment it does exist is not an ‘arbitrary line being drawn’, it is a capturable event.”

That breaks the scale metaphor rather than arguing inside it. Thunder’s move needs both endpoints to be conventions on a continuum, so that his is merely a later convention than Vic’s. They are not the same kind of thing:

Line What happens there Kind
Conception a genetically novel organism with its own developmental program begins to exist an event — there is a before and an after
Birth the same organism changes location a transit — nothing about the entity changes
Drinking age, driving age a society picks a threshold on a smooth gradient genuine conventions

Thunder’s analogy borrows the legitimacy of the third row for the second. Birth is a strange place to locate personhood precisely because nothing about the entity changes as it passes through — which is the one thing that is never true of a real threshold. Vic was weak not to push on this (Chris’s own note), and the failure is the same one as the conflation: he let a premise through and then fought downstream of it.

⚠ Stress-tested rather than adopted, because the strongest objection is real. “A unique individual exists from fertilization” faces monozygotic twinning — until roughly day 14 the entity can still become two — and its mirror, chimerism, where two embryos fuse. That is the serious secular objection, and it is not a religious quibble. But note what it does and does not cost:

So Chris’s argument survives with an amendment, and Thunder’s does not survive at all: whichever line you take, one end of his “scale” is a discontinuity and the other is a change of address. Neither man had any of this, which is a preparation gap rather than a reasoning one.

The consistency attack Chris downgrades — and why he is right

I ranked Vic’s tu quoque (you accept drinking ages, so you accept government-drawn lines) as his second-best moment. Chris: “it was good for Vic to push back that Thunder does accept govt limitations, but I don’t think that was much of an issue.”

He is right, and the reason generalises. Winning that exchange establishes that Thunder is inconsistent about lines. It does not establish that abortion should be illegal. It is a consistency attack, and consistency attacks pay only when the inconsistency is load-bearing for the resolution. Here Thunder can simply concede it — fine, I’m inconsistent about drinking ages — and lose nothing on abortion.

That is finding 4 applied to a rebuttal rather than to a constructive: a successful attack can still be resolution-irrelevant, and the test is the same — state the sentence that connects winning this to winning the resolution. Vic could not have stated it. The conflation attack, by contrast, states it in one line: there are two bodies, so “my body, my choice” does not reach.

⭐ Evictionism — the libertarian position Thunder does not hold, and the cleanest attack available

Chris: “If Thunder was a real libertarian, he would be arguing for evictionism … not saying he should have gone this route, just using it as illustration that he goes against his own libertarian principles, and this was the cleanest attack for Vic.”

Worth spelling out, because it turns Thunder’s own frame against his own position. Evictionism (Walter Block’s) takes the property premise seriously and follows it: an owner may remove a trespasser, but the right is to removal, not to death. Applied here, the woman’s right is to end the pregnancy — to evict — and not to insist the evicted party not survive. Whether eviction is fatal then becomes a technological question that moves with viability, not a moral licence.

Thunder’s stated position is “fully legal for anyone at any time,” and he confirms it under direct questioning at 49:34 — a woman days from delivery should not be “criminally liable.” At that gestation eviction is delivery. So his position is not the property principle; it is the property principle plus a permission the principle does not grant.

And he walks right up to it himself, then flees:

“If someone trespasses on your property and starts eating your food, in my state of Texas, you can shoot that person… It’s a self-defense issue that maybe I shouldn’t have gone that route.”

He disowns it mid-sentence because he can feel it is bad, and the reason it is bad is exactly the proportionality point he cannot articulate: force to remove a trespasser is one thing, lethal force is another, and the analogy raises the question rather than answering it. Vic’s cleanest kill was to accept the property frame and hold him to it — you have argued for eviction and you are asking for death; those are different rights.

“Unalive” — a censorship euphemism in a room with no censor

Vic says “unalive” and its conjugations roughly fifteen times: “the unalivening of a life,” “unalive the unborn,” “unalive the woman.” The word exists because TikTok and YouTube demonetise “kill.” There is no filter operating here — this is a debate stream about abortion, the word “murder” is used freely by both men, and Vic himself says “murder” and “killing” elsewhere in the same sentences.

The interesting part is that it actively costs him. His case is that abortion is murder — the strongest available word — and he keeps replacing it with a euphemism engineered to be less alarming. He argues, correctly, that dehumanising language is how atrocity gets normalised (“it’s like what we did with slavery… we dehumanized them”) — while narrating his own central claim in the softest vocabulary available. A speech habit acquired to evade a moderation system migrates into a context where it has no function and undercuts the very claim it names.

This is a finding 6 artifact of a new kind. The finding says technique tuned for one scoring function inverts under another; delivery and argumentative form are already logged. This is vocabulary tuned for an algorithmic censor, running in front of a human audience — and it is going to keep happening, because the habit is invisible to the person who has it.

The motive-attribution move, run again — and refused

Thunder won round 1 behind a closing about “satanic pedophilic overlords” that McPherson never answered, for +25.0. The hub logged that as the clearest case of a prior-rider beating the better arguer. He opens the second floor here with the identical move:

“The politicians spearheading criminalizing abortions… it seems rather clear most of them are satanic pedophiles. Can we agree on that?”

This time it gets handled, and handled correctly. Vic declines the premise (“that’s a big leap… I’m not willing to grant that cuz I haven’t seen any proof”), and then — without the vocabulary for it — runs a textbook parity argument: the same unfalsifiable motive-attribution is available to the other side.

Vic: “I can make that same argument that the politicians that want to decriminalize abortions… believe in child sacrificing.”

Thunder’s reply is a joke, not an answer: “I’m not a mind reader either, but I am an Epstein file reader.” He never re-establishes the premise, and the line does not reappear in his closing.

The comparison is the point. Same move, same debater, two rounds: unanswered → +25.0; answered with parity → +16.8. On n=2 that is suggestive rather than demonstrative, and Thunder still won. But it is the designed follow-up to the hate-speech round’s open question, and it runs the right way. Filed as the specimen; the counter to motive-attribution is parity, not denial — you cannot disprove a claim about someone’s soul, so you mirror it until the room notices the move is free.

Monica Perez’s interrogation round is the best moderator work in the bracket

Her fourth round, and her technique has now visibly converged. Across the four: own agenda → own tangent → clarify and withdraw → structured symmetric interrogation. What she does here:

  1. Same question to both, in the same words. “Do you believe in the human soul?” — asked of Thunder, then of Vic. Symmetry by construction, which is the thing finding 1 actually cares about.
  2. The counterfactual-defeater question, and it lands. To Vic: “If you did not believe that fetus had a soul, would you still be against abortion?” He says yes — then, two turns later, under a follow-up about the sanctity of life and the establishment clause, reverses: “Yeah, so I guess mostly it is a religious question.” She extracted a self-contradiction on the load-bearing premise of his case by asking what would have to be false. This is the same instrument as Pisco’s “what would it take for you to be convinced?” — the falsifiability question in a different key — and Thunder banked it immediately, closing on “having this be about the soul being formed is more of a religious argument than a legal one.”
  3. The enforcement escalator. To Vic: if a woman starves herself to force a miscarriage, is that punishable? → “could you strap her down and stick a feeding tube down her throat?” → “could you do it if it was your neighbour and there were no cops around?” Then she names the principle she is testing, as hers:

    “The idea being government is our agent and if we don’t have the right, they don’t have the right. But, um, I’ve thought a lot about this question.”

A boundary case for the attribution rule, and it clears — narrowly. That is real philosophical content, supplied by the moderator, and it is asymmetrically damaging — enforcement hypotheticals only bite the criminalisation side. It clears finding 1’s rule for the same reason Pisco’s etymology block did: she states it as her own construction and flags it as her own thinking, rather than laundering it into a debater’s mouth. It is worth recording that the rule is now protecting an intervention with more substantive bite than any it has been tested against, and that the asymmetry here comes from the structure of the proposition — only one side proposes to jail anyone — rather than from her choosing a target. A stricter rule (“put every hypothetical to both sides”) would fail it, and would also have made the round worse.

⭐ Chris’s verdict, and it names the mechanism this page had only gestured at:

“I am now liking Perez’s style with her section. She got into spirited conversations with both sides while pursuing some of her own ideas, and it is the fact that she treated them both equally mean she stayed mostly neutral here. I am not sure it is great for the format, but it did make the debate more interesting by going down unexplored routes.”

That is a real amendment to finding 1, which has been carrying a single test — attribution: own your construction, don’t launder it into a debater’s mouth. Attribution is necessary and it is not sufficient. A moderator can own every word and still tilt a round by choosing whose premise gets the hard question. The second test is symmetry: the same instrument, aimed at both sides. Perez asks both men the soul question in the same words; she puts an enforcement escalator to Vic and a competing-rights escalator to Thunder. She supplies more content than any moderator in the bracket and stays neutral anyway, because the pressure is even.

So the rule is now two-part: own it, and aim it at both. Kyla’s etymology block failed the first; a moderator who only ever pressed one side would fail the second while passing the first.

And Chris’s caveat is the honest half — interesting and proper are different axes. “I am not sure it is great for the format.” The unexplored routes she opened (the soul, the church-and-state framing, the feeding-tube hypothetical, government-as-our-agent) are the most substantive philosophy in the round, and none of them are the resolution. A moderator running her own line of inquiry produces a better hour of television and a worse test of the two cases — and where the debaters are as under-prepared as these two, she is effectively supplying the depth they didn’t bring. That is a real service and a real distortion at once, and the ballot cannot tell them apart.

She also does the finding 4 job the debaters were not doing, cutting into six minutes of open floor spent on desert cities and Sixth Street fistfights: “Can we connect this back to the specific prompt?”

⭐ Closing order: Perez runs a third convention, and it is the exact inverse of Kyla’s

Finding 9 records two incompatible conventions — Kyla’s positional rule (opener closes first) and Mullally’s side-based rule, applied in both directions. Perez has now moderated four rounds and is perfectly consistent on a positional rule that is the mirror image of Kyla’s:

Round Announced Opener Closes first Effective rule
Suffrage “Jose, you are up first because the Aftermath started the debate” Aftermath Tejeda opener closes LAST
Iran “Because Spencer went first in the beginning, it is Silvio’s time to go first” Summerhays Cruz opener closes LAST
Amnesty Rex closes, then “Owlish… this is all the last word” Owlish Jones opener closes LAST
Abortion “Cool, you’re up first since Octavius kicked us off” Thunder Vic opener closes LAST

So the bracket now runs three mutually incompatible closing conventions, two of them deterministic and opposite:

This is a sharper version of the finding than the one on the hub, because it removes the “the format is just sloppy” reading. Neither Kyla nor Perez is being careless — each is applying a rule, correctly, every time, and the rules are opposite. The last word is a real advantage in a round scored by audience recall, and in this tournament it is allocated by which moderator you drew. Thunder drew Perez, opened, and got the last word; under Kyla he would have closed first. In a round decided by 17 points that is probably not load-bearing — but Cruz/Hamm went by 12.4 and Summerhays/Charsky by 9.0.

⭐ Federalism — the easiest point on the board, and it is not in the tape

Both of us caught it independently and neither debater did. The resolution says “abortion should be legal nationwide“, and the tape contains zero occurrences of Dobbs, federal, state by state, or Roe by name. Nationwide is spoken three times: Perez reads the prompt, Perez quotes it once to redirect, Vic uses it in passing. Nobody asks what it means.

Chris: “Both missed the big discussion about federalism that was the easiest point. Murder is not federally mandated, why abortion, esp if it is a specific case of murder?”

That is the sharpest form of it, and it does two jobs at once:

  1. It makes the Aff’s position the anomaly. Homicide is state law. If abortion is a species of murder — which is Vic’s own thesis — then its natural home is state law too, and federalising this one case is the thing that needs an argument.
  2. It lets Vic win without winning the metaphysics. He can concede arguendo: even if you are right that it is not murder, you still owe me an account of why this one question gets taken away from fifty legislatures.

And it lands directly on the Aff’s frame, because “nationwide” means federal preemption of fifty state legislatures — the largest expansion of government power anyone proposed all night, proposed by the man whose whole case is that government should not be deciding this.

⚠ Thunder refutes his own closing with his own opening. At 59:01:

“This is a pre-existing limit that I wish to maintain… I’m not asking for the government to add more restrictions. We have the ones that exist. Let’s leave them how they are.”

At 7:53, in the same round, he argued that women denied access will “leave the state, leave the country” — which is only true if the law already varies by state. So the status quo he claims to be conserving does not exist, and he established that himself fifty minutes earlier. His answer to Vic’s best live moment is a status-quo claim that is false on his own testimony, and it goes unchallenged.

This is inherency and presumption from the formal-debate inventory, free from the moment the prompt was read — the third consecutive round where that page’s vocabulary would have decided something and nobody in the room had it.

⭐ What Vic should have bitten — and the format’s reason he didn’t

Chris’s list of the bullets Vic ducked, all of them consistency costs rather than tactical ones:

⚠ The tension worth naming, because it is this bracket’s entire subject. Chris: “logically consistent, but hard for today’s society to accept.” Biting those bullets makes Vic’s position coherent and probably makes it lose harder — finding 6 says a lay ballot can only register a win whose condition it already recognises, and “prosecute her for murder” is not one. So the round is a specimen of the gap this hub keeps circling: the move that repairs the argument and the move that wins the room are different moves, and here they point in opposite directions. Vic took neither — he paid the coherence cost without collecting the legibility benefit, which is the worst cell of the matrix.

Who actually argued better — Chris’s read, and it corrects this page

⚠ The first pass said the substance read and the ballot were “not in obvious tension.” That was wrong.

Chris: “Vic argued the better position, though he could have also improved… Thunder had the room, it was a close result, but this was a popularity contest.”

So the round joins the rest of the bracket rather than standing apart from it: substance → Vic, ballot → Thunder, by 16.8. It is another round where the vault’s argument read and the ballot part company, not the one clean case where they agreed.

Why Vic argued better: he identified his opponent’s central inconsistency (morality), found one real structural problem (lines), and was defending the position that survives scrutiny. Why he lost the argument he should have won: he never touched the conflation, never touched nationwide, never touched evictionism, and ducked three bullets his own premise required.

On “I’m not arguing morality, only legality.” I read it as a real position (Mill) that Thunder failed to earn. Chris is firmer and, on reflection, more accurate:

Chris: “I think the ‘law’ argument was kind of a dodge. The topic was legality… it would be fair for Thunder to just argue law, but he didn’t.”

The sharpening: because the resolution is already about legality, announcing “I’m merely advocating for its legality” concedes nothing and buys nothing — it restates the topic while wearing the costume of a principled restraint. It would become a real move only if he then declined to argue morality, and he argued it for the rest of the hour: starvation, unwanted children, bad parenting, crime. So it functions as a dodge — the appearance of a narrowed burden with none of the discipline — and Vic was right to make it his closing spine, though he stated the weaker version. The stronger version, which nobody reached: you don’t hold that morality should stay out of law; you hold that yours should count and mine shouldn’t.

Thunder’s deepest incoherence, which neither man named. His bright line is that a fetus is not a person and has no rights. But “a life of starvation is not a life worth living,” the unwanted-children case, and “we can guarantee an aborted fetus will never go on to become bad” are all arguments that the fetus is better off not existing — which treats it as something that can have a welfare, i.e. exactly the kind of subject the bright line denies. And the crime-drop argument is a eugenic argument planted inside a bodily-autonomy case: it shifts the ground from her body, her call to society benefits from fewer of these people. Vic came within a foot of it (“it’s easy to just dehumanize a life”) and never joined it up.

What this round contributes to the bracket

Open Questions

Live test scheduled (2026-09-19). This page’s material is converted into Chris’s own prep for “Abortions should remain readily available” — prep page — DMZ 1v1, Neg, in a left-leaning room, i.e. the opposite pool. Two of the questions below get a data point: the modifiers question (that prep is built entirely on remain and readily) and the evictionism question (the prep’s answer is no for that room, and uses only the conclusion, never the word). The two-axis model also gets its first test in a pool where the social-conservative axis is absent by construction.

Tags

debates, philosophy, politics, epistemology